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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Friday, 10 April 20
INDIA'S BULKS SUPPLY CHAIN TAKES A HIT DURING LOCKDOWN - WOOD MACKENZIE
India is under a three-week lockdown from 25 March to contain the spread of the coronavirus outbreak. Businesses are shut, and the supply chain is ...
Thursday, 09 April 20
SUSPENSION OF WRONGFUL TRADING IN LIGHT OF COVID 19 - WF&W
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
DIRECTORS’ PERSONAL LIABILITY FOR WRONGFUL TRADING – RELIEF DURING THE CORONAVIRUS CRISIS
As the UK&rsquo ...
Wednesday, 08 April 20
LESSONS LEARNED FROM SCRUBBER INSTALLATION AND OPERATION - ABS
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
At the beginning of this year, the IMO’s global sulfur cap on marine fuels entered into force and shipowners who ch ...
Wednesday, 08 April 20
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
With lockdown measures around the globe tightening during the last weeks of Q1, there is finally a feeling that most countries are slowly but stead ...
Tuesday, 07 April 20
SHIPPING MARKET ANALYSIS - ALLIED
With the first quarter of 2020 now firmly written in the books, it is worth examining what we have witnessed so far in the tanker market. Undoubted ...
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Showing 1021 to 1025 news of total 6871 |
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- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- The University of Queensland
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Australian Coal Association
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
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