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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Thursday, 16 April 20
CHINA'S BENCHMARK POWER COAL PRICE FALLS 5 YUAN PER TONNE - XINHUA
China’s benchmark power coal price fell by 5 yuan (about 70 U.S. cents) per tonne during the past week.
The Bohai-Rim Steam-Co ...
Thursday, 16 April 20
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
As everyone anticipated the results of the OPEC + G20 meeting last week, it was very interesting to watch the reaction of tanker rates that were in ...
Monday, 13 April 20
SUPRAMAX: A 56,000DWT SHIP WAS FIXED DELIVERY PARADIP, REDELIVERY CHINA, AT $4,700 - BALTIC BRIEFING
Capesize
The Capesize market this past week looks to have come off life support and found some improved sentiment. The week began rather ordina ...
Saturday, 11 April 20
FAQ: COVID-19 AND CLUB COVER - UK P&I
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
The Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic has generated a significant number of enquiries and questions from Members in recent ...
Saturday, 11 April 20
KOEN POWER PLANTS INVITED BIDS FOR 1.5 -1.62 MMT OF STEAM COAL
COALspot.com: South Korea’s KOREA SOUTH-EAST POWER CO., LTD. (KOEN) has issued an international tender for 1,500,000-1,620,000 Metric Tons (M ...
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Showing 1016 to 1020 news of total 6871 |
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- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Planning Commission, India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Minerals Council of Australia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Australian Coal Association
- The University of Queensland
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- MS Steel International - UAE
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