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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Friday, 17 April 20
PANDEMIC TO BRING ASIA'S 2020 GROWTH TO HALT FOR 1ST TIME IN 60 YEARS - IMF: REUTERS
Asia’s economic growth this year will grind to a halt for the first time in 60 years, as the coronavirus crisis takes an “unprecedented ...
Friday, 17 April 20
OPEC BRACES FOR OIL MARKET'S "HISTORIC SHOCK"
OPEC released its much anticipated April monthly report.
Crude Oil Price Movements
Crude oil prices collapsed in March 2020, rec ...
Friday, 17 April 20
SAUDI ARABIA'S MAY 2020 OSPS FOR CRUDE EXPORTS BODE WELL FOR ASIAN REFINERS - WOOD MACKENZIE
On 13 April, Saudi Arabia announced the Official Selling Prices (OSPs) for its May crude oil exports. The new OSPs speak volumes about Saudi Arabia ...
Friday, 17 April 20
SEABORNE COAL PRICES UNDER PRESSURE AS DEMAND SOFTENS IN CHINA, INDIA - CLYDE RUSSELL
Worrying signs are emerging for coal exporters to the world’s biggest markets in Asia, as top buyers China and India move to favour domestic ...
Thursday, 16 April 20
THERMAL POWER SECTOR FACES BLEAK SCENARIO POST-COVID SITUATION - THE HINDU BUSINESS LINE
The centre should take a fresh look at coal-energy value chain as the sector tops the chart on loan defaults.
Covid-19 may have serv ...
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- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Planning Commission, India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Australian Coal Association
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- White Energy Company Limited
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- The University of Queensland
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
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