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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Friday, 24 April 20
COAL INDIA TO PRODUCE 710 MT COAL - MINISTER OF COAL AND MINES
Coal India Limited (CIL) will produce 710 million tonnes (MT) of coal and company’s coal off take target will also remain at710 MT for this f ...
Friday, 24 April 20
CHINA COAL PRODUCER YANZHOU COAL POSTS 9.6 PCT RISE IN 2019 NET PROFIT - XINHUA
China’s major coal producer Yanzhou Coal Mining Co., Ltd. said Thursday that its net profit saw a 9.6 percent rise in 2019.
Th ...
Tuesday, 21 April 20
INDONESIA ACCOUNTS FOR 19% OF JAPAN'S TOTAL COAL IMPORTS - BANCHERO COSTA
Coal trade in Asia is proving remarkably resilient this year, despite the global economic impact from COVID-19.
We have seen China&r ...
Tuesday, 21 April 20
COVID-19: CHARTERPARTY MATTERS FOR SHIPOWNERS - SKULD
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Whilst the plight of cruise ships, stranded off shore with sick passengers and crew, may be dominating media headlines, t ...
Monday, 20 April 20
SUPRAMAX: A 52,000DWT SHIP FIXING AN INDONESIA COAL RUN TO CHINA AT $4400 - BALTIC BRIEFING
Capesize
This week was the strongest period seen for the Capesize market in several months. All routes globally succumbed to improved sentiment ...
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- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Australian Coal Association
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Planning Commission, India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
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