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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Sunday, 26 April 20
STRONGER BUNKER PRICES FAIL TO RALLY FREIGHT MARKET - FIS
VLSFO bunker prices rebounded by $22.50 to $229/mt in the port of Singapore but failed to turn around the spot freight market.
Some ...
Saturday, 25 April 20
KOREA SOUTH-EAST POWER CO. INVITED BIDS FOR 780K - 900K MT OF 5600 NCV COAL FOR JULY TO OCTOBER 2020 LOADING
COALspot.com: South Korea’s KOREA SOUTH-EAST POWER CO., LTD. (KOEN) has issued an international tender for 780,000~900,000 Metric Tons (MT) s ...
Saturday, 25 April 20
SEAFARER MENTAL WELLBEING DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC - STANDARD CLUB
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
COVID-19 has forced many parts of the world to enforce a lockdown in a bid to flatten the curve in terms of transmissions ...
Friday, 24 April 20
KOMIPO INVITED BIDS FOR 5700 NAR COAL FOR JUNE & JULY LOADING
COALspot.com: South Korea’s Korea Midland Power Co. Ltd. (KOMIPO) Has Issued An International Tender For 260,000 Metric Tons (MT) Steam Coal ...
Friday, 24 April 20
CHINA'S BENCHMARK POWER COAL PRICE REMAINS FLAT - XINHUA
China’s benchmark power coal price remained flat during the past week.
The Bohai-Rim Steam-Coal Price Index (BSPI), a gauge of ...
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- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
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