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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Friday, 01 May 20
GLOBAL COAL DEMAND TO FALL BY 8% IN Q1 2020 RELATIVE TO Q1 2019 - IEA
We expect global coal demand to fall by 8% in Q1 2020 relative to Q1 2019. This significant drop was driven by lower demand in the electricity sect ...
Friday, 01 May 20
LUKOIL SHARES LUBRICANT EXPERIENCE AFTER FIRST 100 DAYS OF OPERATION ON VLSFO
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
After 100 days of VLSFO operation, LUKOIL Marine Lubricants is sharing recent experience on VLSFO operation with NAVIGO M ...
Wednesday, 29 April 20
OIL CLOSES IN ON PEAK OVERSUPPLY - WOOD MACKENZIE
Are we now deep in the abyss? Up to our necks in it, if the oil price is any guide. Brent has now tested sub-US$20/bbl in this downturn and WTI sub ...
Monday, 27 April 20
INCIDENT INVESTIGATION: SEARCH FOR THE CAUSE, NOT THE VILLAIN - GARD
Incident investigations often conclude with placing the blame for an incident on the crew. Causes of the incidents are usually identified as proced ...
Monday, 27 April 20
A 58,000DWT VESSEL WAS FIXED DELIVERY SINGAPORE TRIP VIA INDONESIA, RE-DELIVERY WC INDIA, AT $4,500 - BALTIC BRIEFING
Capesize
The tide turned this week for the Capesize market, as voyage rates registered dramatically falling fuel costs. This was led primarily ...
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- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Australian Coal Association
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- PTC India Limited - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- VISA Power Limited - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
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