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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Tuesday, 05 May 20
SUPRAMAXES: YTD SLIDE HAS BEEN 45%, WITH THE AVERAGE FOR 2020 TCA HOLDING AT US$5,793 - ALLIED
It has been almost three months since the WHO officially categorized the current coronavirus outbreak as a global pandemic, an outbreak that has br ...
Monday, 04 May 20
U.S. ESTIMATED COAL PRODUCTION FALL 39.4% YEAR ON YEAR IN THE WEEK ENDED APRIL 25 - EIA
Estimated U.S. coal production totaled about 8.6 million short tons (MMst) For the week ended April 25, 2020, says EIA in its latest report.
E ...
Saturday, 02 May 20
SUPRAMAX: ASIA, STRONGER NUMBERS - A 55.000-DWT WAS FIXED FROM INDONESIA TO CHINA IN THE MID $6,000S - BALTIC BRIEFING
Capesize
A tepid week for the big ships, as macro concerns continued to weigh heavily on the index. All of the major voyage routes lost value, ...
Friday, 01 May 20
KOSPO INVITED OFFER FOR 5600 NCV COAL FOR Q3 2020 LOADING
COALspot.com: Korea Southern Power Co., Ltd. (KOSPO) has issued an International tender for 260,000 Metric Tons (MT) steam coal for Boryeong Power ...
Friday, 01 May 20
GLOBAL COAL DEMAND TO FALL BY ABOUT 8% IN 2020,THE LARGEST DROP SINCE WORLD WAR II - IEA
We expect global coal demand to fall by about 8% in 2020, the largest drop since World War II, with coal use declining in virtually every sector of ...
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- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- MS Steel International - UAE
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- The University of Queensland
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
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