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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Wednesday, 06 May 20
KOSPO INVITED COAL BIDS FOR LOW CALORIFIC VALUE COAL
COALspot.com: Korea Southern Power Co., Ltd. (KOSPO) has issued an International tender for 160,000 Metric Tons (MT) Low Calorific Value Coal for J ...
Wednesday, 06 May 20
COST CHALLENGES IN A US$20/BBL WORLD - WOOD MACKENZIE
A new approach is needed to ensure supply sector resilience
How will US$20/bbl affect the oil and gas supply chain?
It’s going to g ...
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MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
It comes as no surprise that activity in the dry bulk SnP market remains soft, with asset values caught in the downward spiral generated by the Cov ...
Wednesday, 06 May 20
FLOATING STORAGE OF OIL CARGOES - STANDARD CLUB
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Due to a combination of circumstances there is now a worldwide shortage of storage space ashore for both unrefi ...
Wednesday, 06 May 20
IRON ORE TRADE REMAINS REMARKABLY RESILIENT THIS YEAR, AT LEAST IN ASIA - BANCHERO COSTA
Iron ore trade remains remarkably resilient this year, at least in Asia, despite the global economic impact from COVID-19. In the first 4 months of ...
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- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- White Energy Company Limited
- The University of Queensland
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Planning Commission, India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
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