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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Thursday, 07 May 20
CRUDE OIL TANKER EARNINGS DROP 68% IN NINE DAYS - BIMCO
Crude oil tanker earnings have come down sharply in recent weeks with Very Large Crude Carrier (VLCC) earnings from the Middle East Gulf to China d ...
Thursday, 07 May 20
UKRAINE PRODUCES 2.5 MLN TONNES OF COAL IN APRIL - UKRINFORM
Ukraine produced 2.5 million tonnes of coal in April 2020, which is 39% less than planned, according to the Coal Miners Union of Ukraine.
...
Thursday, 07 May 20
INDIA: GOVT TO DO AWAY WITH MANDATORY WASHING OF COAL FOR THERMAL POWER UNITS - BUSINESS STANDARD
The Centre is planning to do away with the mandatory requirement of washing of coal before it is transported to thermal power stations. The Ministr ...
Thursday, 07 May 20
CIL'S SUPPLY TO POWER SECTOR FALLS IN MARCH AMID SLUMP IN COAL DEMAND - PTI
The supply of coal to the power sector by state-owned CIL registered a decline of eight per cent to 42.30 million tonne in March in the wake of slu ...
Thursday, 07 May 20
COAL PRICE REFERENCE FALL SHARPLY IN MAY 2020 DUE TO CORONAVIRUS OUTBREAK
COALspot.com: The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources of the Republic of Indonesia has revised down the benchmark price of Indonesian thermal ...
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- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Australian Coal Association
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- White Energy Company Limited
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- PTC India Limited - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
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