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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Saturday, 09 May 20
ANGLO AMERICAN CONSIDERS SPINNING OFF SOUTH AFRICAN COAL OPERATIONS - REUTERS
Diversified miner Anglo American said on Thursday it prefers unbundling and listing its thermal coal operations in South Africa on the Johannesburg ...
Friday, 08 May 20
THE COLLAPSE OF THE OIL AND BUNKER FUEL MARKETS IN EARLY 2020 - PETER SAND
The sulphur regulation from the International Maritime Organization (IMO) that came into force on 1 January 2020 took the centre stage in the shipp ...
Friday, 08 May 20
LNG DEMAND FACED SEVERAL HEADWINDS IN THE FIRST QUARTER OF 2020 - GASLOG
LNG demand faced several headwinds in the first quarter of 2020 including a warmer than average winter in the northern hemisphere, high inventory l ...
Thursday, 07 May 20
IEEFA UPDATE: THE OUTLOOK FOR THERMAL COAL IN SOUTHEAST ASIA AND SOUTH ASIA
Seven headwinds are building to sustained growth in coal in Asia
The medium term outlook for thermal coal in Southeast Asia is posit ...
Thursday, 07 May 20
IMO 2020: BUNKER CLAIMS HANDLING GUIDE FOR A NEW DECADE - THE STANDARD CLUB
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
IMO 2020 is the term generally used to describe the following regulations under Annex VI of the International Convention ...
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- The Treasury - Australian Government
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- The University of Queensland
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- White Energy Company Limited
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Planning Commission, India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Minerals Council of Australia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
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