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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Tuesday, 12 May 20
A GLOBAL ECONOMIC RESTART HAS SLOWLY BEGUN AS COUNTRIES AROUND THE WORLD GRADUALLY - ALLIED
A global economic restart has slowly begun as countries around the world gradually set their return back to “normality”. Yet by all mea ...
Tuesday, 12 May 20
CAN INDONESIA'S COAL INDUSTRY SURVIVE COVID-19? : IEEFA
Pandemic Lockdown and Slumping Prices Put Extreme Pressure on Coal Miners
Executive Summary
While attention has been focused on th ...
Tuesday, 12 May 20
INDIA'S COAL PRODUCTION TO CLOCK RECORD 700 MILLION TONNES IN FY21: COAL SECRETARY - PTI
Coal Secretary Anil Jain said FY20 coal production was lower than the target of 660 million tonnes because of flooding of a key coal mine.
&nbs ...
Monday, 11 May 20
CHINA'S BENCHMARK POWER COAL PRICE DROPS SLIGHTLY - XINHUA
China’s benchmark power coal price dropped slightly during the past week.
The Bohai-Rim Steam-Coal Price Index (BSPI), a gauge ...
Monday, 11 May 20
CORONAVIRUS PUTS MORE THAN A THIRD OF SEABORNE COAL SUPPLY AT RISK - WOOD MACKENZIE
The full impact of the coronavirus outbreak on the global economy is yet unclear. However, the demand destruction is already becoming evident, with ...
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- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- The University of Queensland
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Planning Commission, India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- White Energy Company Limited
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
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