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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Thursday, 14 May 20
OPEC REVISES DOWN GLOBAL OIL DEMAND FORECAST AGAIN
Crude Oil Price Movements
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Thursday, 14 May 20
NEW COVID-19 GUIDELINES FOCUS ON SAFE INTERFACE BETWEEN SHIP AND SHORE STAFF - GARD
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Wednesday, 13 May 20
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Tuesday, 12 May 20
IN THE FIRST 4 MONTHS OF 2020, SOUTH KOREA IMPORTED 46.6 MLN TONNES OF CRUDE OIL BY SEA, A NET DECLINE OF 14.1% YOY - BC
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Tuesday, 12 May 20
OIL MARKET TURBULENCE PIVOTS FOCUS ON FLOATING STORAGE TECHNICAL NEEDS - LLOYD'S REGISTER
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Negative oil prices and off-the-scale volatility in crude markets are positive for floating storage, as the next chapter ...
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- Central Electricity Authority - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- The University of Queensland
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Economic Council, Georgia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Planning Commission, India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Australian Coal Association
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
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