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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Monday, 18 May 20
TAKING ADVANTAGE OF VIRUS DISTRACTION - BALTIC EXCHANGE
As the industry grapples to deal with exceptional Covid-19-related challenges, a deeper threat is coming to the fore. At this time of crisis, more ...
Monday, 18 May 20
THERMAL COAL SPOT PRICE TUMBLES 25 PER CENT, PUTTING PRESSURE ON SOME PRODUCERS - ABC RURAL
The spot price for thermal coal has fallen 25 per cent per cent in the past month with one leading analyst saying it is because of a reduction in d ...
Monday, 18 May 20
CHINA'S COAL OUTPUT UP 1.3 PCT IN JANUARY-APRIL: XINHUA
Output of raw coal in China rose 1.3 percent year on year to 1.15 billion tonnes in the first four months this year, official data showed.
&nbs ...
Sunday, 17 May 20
A 55,000 OPEN ILIGAN FIXING AT $6,500 VIA INDONESIA REDELIVERY INDIA - BALTIC BRIEFING
Capesize
A precipitous fall in the market this week had the Capesize 5TC shedding over 50 per cent in value. A small rebound at the end of the ...
Friday, 15 May 20
CHINA'S COAL CONSUMPTION TO FALL Y/Y IN SECOND QUARTER, IMPROVEMENT EXPECTED IN SECOND HALF - INDUSTRY BODY: REUTERS
China’s coal consumption is expected to decline in the second quarter from a year earlier, but will see an improvement in the second half of ...
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- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Australian Coal Association
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- The University of Queensland
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
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