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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Thursday, 21 May 20
KOMIPO INVITED BIDS FOR TOTAL 610000 MT OF LCV AND HCV COAL FOR 2H 2020
COALspot.com: South Korea’s Korea Midland Power Co. Ltd. (KOMIPO) has Issued an International Tender for 130,000 mt of 5700 NCV coal an ...
Wednesday, 20 May 20
ADARO ENERGY BOOKED A 5% INCREASE IN COAL PRODUCTION VOLUME Y-O-Y IN 1Q2020
PT. Adaro Energy Tbk, Indonesia’s one of the largest coal miner, booked a 5% increase in coal production volume year-over-year in 1Q2020. The ...
Wednesday, 20 May 20
BRAZIL SOYBEAN EXPORTS HAVE BEEN SURGING THIS YEAR - BANCHERO COSTA
Brazil soybean exports have been surging this year, thanks to a combination of strong demand from China, a bumper crop, and favourable exchange rat ...
Wednesday, 20 May 20
MARKET INSIGHT
Seafarers keep maritime trade going so that the food, raw materials, energy and manufactured goods on which so many depend can continue moving arou ...
Tuesday, 19 May 20
AMENDMENT OF THE INDONESIAN MINING LAW: TYING UP LOOSE ENDS - UMBRA
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
The finalized draft of Law on the amendment of the Mining Law (Bill) was publicly released on 11 May 2020 and was then ap ...
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- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Planning Commission, India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Australian Coal Association
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- The University of Queensland
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- PTC India Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
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