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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Wednesday, 27 May 20
CHINA TAIYUAN COAL TRANSACTION PRICE INDEX UP 0.94 PCT - XINHUA
China Taiyuan coal transaction price index stood at 125.03 points Monday, up 0.94 percent week on week.
The index, released by China ...
Monday, 25 May 20
NON-OPEC OIL SUPPLY DEVELOPMENT - OPEC
Non-OPEC oil supply continued to increase by 2.0 mb/d in 2019, driven by US shale production, which rose by 1.7 mb/d, amounting to 84% of total non ...
Sunday, 24 May 20
A 63,000 FIXED DELIVERY VIETNAM TRIP VIA INDONESIA REDELIVERY KOSICHANG AT $8,500 - BALTIC BRIEFING
Capesize
After a week of bounce momentum the market appears to have stalled out once again. The Capesize 5TC has more than doubled since last F ...
Saturday, 23 May 20
COLOMBIA COAL OUTPUT DOWN 7.2% IN Q1 ON LOW PRICES, CORONAVIRUS LOCKDOWN - REUTERS
Coal production in Colombia, the world’s fifth-largest coal exporter, fell 7.2% in the first quarter because of low prices and coronavirus qu ...
Saturday, 23 May 20
EWP INVITES BIDS FOR 840,000 METRIC TONS OF MIN 5700 NAR COAL
COALspot.com: South Korea’s Korea East-West Power Co. Ltd (EWP) has Issued an International Tender for total Max 840,000 Metric Tons of min 5 ...
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- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- The University of Queensland
- Planning Commission, India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- PTC India Limited - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
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