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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Friday, 29 May 20
KOMIPO ON BEHALF FIVE KOREAN GENCOS INVITED COAL BIDS FOR 5,700 & 4999 NCV COAL FOR AUGUST 2020 LOADING
COALspot.com: South Korea’s Korea Midland Power Co.,Ltd (KOMIPO) on behalf five (5) Korean Gencos has Issued an International Tender for tota ...
Friday, 29 May 20
DRY BULK SHIPPING: NO QUICK RECOVERY FOR THE DRY BULK MARKET AS COVID-19 DIGS DEEPER
The outlook is poor for dry bulk, as the negative demand shock and overcapacity come together to send rates to multi-year lows, even a return to wo ...
Thursday, 28 May 20
COVID-19: A FORCE MAJEURE EVENT? - KYPRIANOU
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
While seeing the unexpected COVID-19 outbreak expanding worldwide and the first cases being identified in Cyprus, the com ...
Thursday, 28 May 20
OIL DEMAND RECOVERED BY 20% IN MAY AGAINST APRIL: RUSSIAN ENERGY MINISTER - TASS
Oil demand remains at a low level but the demand in May increased by 20% against April, Russian Energy Minister Alexander Novak said, cited by the ...
Thursday, 28 May 20
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
Earlier in May, China’s top leaders convened for the annual National People's Congress, following over two months of delays due to the co ...
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- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Planning Commission, India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- PTC India Limited - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- The University of Queensland
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
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