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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Tuesday, 02 June 20
CHINA TAIYUAN COAL TRANSACTION PRICE INDEX DOWN 0.86 PCT - XINHUA
China Taiyuan coal transaction price index stood at 123.95 points Monday, down 0.86 percent week on week.
The index, released by Chi ...
Monday, 01 June 20
SUPRAMAX: IN SOUTH EAST ASIA RATES TRADED SIDEWAYS - BALTIC BRIEFING
Capesize
A sober end to the week, with the market seemingly ready for the weekend. After a steady week of rate declines a small flurry of Atlan ...
Friday, 29 May 20
COVID-19: COAL SUPPLY BY CIL TO POWER SECTOR DIPS 22% TO 32 MT IN APRIL DUE TO DEMAND SLUMP - PTI
Over 95% of CIL’s production comes from its 171 open cast mines.
The supply of coal to the power sector by state-owned Coal In ...
Friday, 29 May 20
AUSTRALIA'S NEW HOPE WARNS OF HIT FROM COAL PRICE SLUMP - REUTERS
Australia’s New Hope Corp Ltd said on Thursday that a sudden drop in thermal coal prices and lower output from its Queensland operations woul ...
Friday, 29 May 20
GOVT MAY LAUNCH COAL BLOCKS AUCTION PROCESS UNDER COMMERCIAL MINING ON JUN 11 - PTI
The Centre is likely to launch the process of coal blocks auction under commercial mining on June 11 and around 50 mines are expected to go under t ...
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- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Economic Council, Georgia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- PTC India Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
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