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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Tuesday, 02 June 20
CHINA TAIYUAN COAL TRANSACTION PRICE INDEX DOWN 0.86 PCT - XINHUA
China Taiyuan coal transaction price index stood at 123.95 points Monday, down 0.86 percent week on week.
The index, released by Chi ...
Tuesday, 02 June 20
THE HISTORIC DECLINE OF US COAL - WOOD MACKENZIE
The first commercial power plant in the US was Thomas Edison’s coal-fired Pearl Street station in lower Manhattan, which started operating in ...
Tuesday, 02 June 20
COAL INDIA'S MAY SALES DRIVEN SHARPLY LOWER BY SLUMP IN POWER DEMAND - REUTER
Coal India’s sales fell 23.3% in May as utilities refrained from purchases amid record stockpiles and tepid demand because of a nationwide lo ...
Tuesday, 02 June 20
TUAH TURANGGA AGUNG RECORDED 4.54 MILLION TONS OF COAL SALES IN THE FIRST FOUR MONTHS OF 2020
PT United Tractors Tbk through its subsidiary, PT Tuah Turangga Agung recorded 4.54 million tons of coal sales in the first four months of 2020, up ...
Tuesday, 02 June 20
SOURING SINO-AUSTRALIA TRADE RELATIONS - BALTIC EXCHANGE
Cooling relations between the commodity powerhouses of China and Australia may point to trade troubles ahead when the world emerges from the Covid- ...
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- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Australian Coal Association
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- The University of Queensland
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- MS Steel International - UAE
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
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