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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Thursday, 09 November 23
GREEK AND CHINESE COMPANIES OWN 34% OF THE GLOBAL FLEET’S CARGO CAPACITY - BIMCO
“The global fleet of cargo carrying ships consists of around 61,000 ships with a deadweight capacity of about 2,200 million tonnes. The ships ...
Monday, 23 October 23
CHINA SEPT COAL OUTPUT HITS SIX-MONTH HIGH ON RISING POWER DEMAND - REUTERS
China’s September coal output rose 0.4% from August to the highest level since March, official data showed on Wednesday, on rising power dema ...
Monday, 23 October 23
INDIA COAL INVENTORIES DROP AT FASTEST PACE IN TWO YEARS, BOOSTING IMPORTS - REUTERS
Coal inventories at Indian power plants in the first half of October fell at their fastest rate in two years, an analysis of government data showed ...
Tuesday, 19 September 23
LNG SHIPPING STOCKS: THE ASIAN GROWTH UP-INDICES
Last week, the UP World LNG Shipping Index (UPI) gained 3.81 points or 2.51%, closing at 155.85 points. This index tracks the performance of LNG sh ...
Sunday, 10 September 23
GOLDMAN SACHS PREDICTS OIL PRICE TO HIT $100 ON OPEC CUTS - YAHOO FINANCE
Oil supply cuts by Saudi Arabia and Russia could lead to Brent crude jumping as high as $107 a barrel in 2024, Goldman Sachs Commodities Research h ...
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- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- PTC India Limited - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- The University of Queensland
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Planning Commission, India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- White Energy Company Limited
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
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