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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Sunday, 10 September 23
CHINA AUGUST COAL IMPORTS OF 44.3 MLN T HIT RECORD - REUTERS
China, the world’s top coal consumer, imported 44.3 million metric tons of the fuel last month, customs data showed, the highest amount in an ...
Tuesday, 22 August 23
CHINA'S COAL PRODUCTION LOGS STEADY GROWTH IN JANUARY-JULY: XINHUA
China’s output of raw coal went up 3.6 percent year on year in the first seven months of this year, official data showed.
The ...
Sunday, 13 August 23
THE COMMODITIES FEED: LNG SUPPLY RISKS LINGER - ING
Energy – OPEC sees deficit over remainder of 2023
Oil prices came under some pressure yesterday with ICE Brent settling a litt ...
Wednesday, 09 August 23
COAL TRADE TO RETURN TO 2019 LEVELS - BALTIC EXCHANGE
The International Energy Agency’s mid-year Coal Market Update for 2023 brings both positive and concerning news for the global coal industry. ...
Sunday, 23 July 23
ANALYSIS-INDIA'S COAL MINING BET STUMBLES AS WARY BANKS WEIGH RISING RISKS - REUTERS
India’s drive to ramp up coal output to meet growing energy demand is faltering due to banks’ reluctance to finance newly auctioned min ...
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- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- PTC India Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Australian Coal Association
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- White Energy Company Limited
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Planning Commission, India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
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