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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Thursday, 04 June 20
CHINA'S BENCHMARK POWER COAL PRICE EDGES UP - XINHUA
China’s benchmark power coal price rose slightly during the past week.
The Bohai-Rim Steam-Coal Price Index (BSPI), a gauge of ...
Thursday, 04 June 20
DON'T FORGET THE REAL PURPOSE OF RISK ASSESSMENTS - GARD
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
When doing a risk assessment, we often overcomplicate it and forget its real purpose.
Rather than ensuring that crew ...
Wednesday, 03 June 20
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
Once again shipping is about to venture into uncharted waters and before the challenges of the past decade are forgotten, shipowners will have to o ...
Tuesday, 02 June 20
KOSPO LOOKING FOR 80000 MT OF 4200 NCV COAL FOR JULY
COALspot.com: Korea Southern Power Co., Ltd. (KOSPO) has issued an International tender for 80,000 Metric Tons (MT) 4200 NCV coal for 12 - 21, July ...
Tuesday, 02 June 20
INDONESIAN COAL MINER BUMI RESOURCES Q1 OUTPUT UP 5% - REUTERS
Indonesia’s largest coal miner Bumi Resources posted a 5% increase in first-quarter output at 20.8 million tonnes, the company said in a stat ...
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- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Australian Coal Association
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- The University of Queensland
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
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