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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Sunday, 07 June 20
A SCRUBBER FITTED 61,000 ULTRAMAX WAS FIXED DELIVERY PHILIPPINES TRIP VIA SOUTH AFRICA REDELIVERY VIETNAM AT $9,500 - BALTIC BRIEFING
Capesize
The small flicker of hope at the beginning of this week has kindled a small fire under the Capesize market. At a paltry $3369 from the ...
Saturday, 06 June 20
KOREA SOUTH-EAST POWER CO INVITED COAL BIDS FOR MIN 5600 NCV COAL
COALspot.com: South Korea’s KOREA SOUTH-EAST POWER CO., LTD. (KOEN) has issued an international tender for 270,000 Tons (MT) min. 5600 NCV co ...
Friday, 05 June 20
COAL INDIA ESTIMATES PRODUCTION GROWTH BY OVERBURDEN REMOVAL - FINANCIAL EXPRESS
PSU miner Coal India (CIL) has now limited mining only to Overburden Removal (OBR) with falling demand of coal. The mining behemoth is now keeping ...
Friday, 05 June 20
U.S. SANCTIONS COMPLIANCE GUIDANCE RELEASED FOR THE GLOBAL MARITIME, ENERGY AND METALS SECTORS - AKIN GUMP
Key Points
On May 14, 2020, OFAC, the Department of State and the U.S. Coast Guard jointly released guidance for persons involved in the ma ...
Friday, 05 June 20
IN THE FIRST 5 MONTHS OF 2020 AUSTRALIA SHIPPED 6.8 MLN TONNES TO VIETNAM - BANCHERO COSTA
In the first 5 months of 2020, global seaborne coal trade declined by as much as -8% year-on-year, according to vessel tracking data from Ref ...
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- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Australian Coal Association
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- PTC India Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- The University of Queensland
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Planning Commission, India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
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