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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Tuesday, 09 June 20
BUNKER SUPPLY CONTRACTS - KEY CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE BUYER - GARD
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Regardless of whether a buyer purchases fuel directly from physical suppliers or via brokers or traders and whether sale ...
Tuesday, 09 June 20
INDIA: COAL IMPORT DROPS BY 20% TO NEARLY 19 MILLION TONNES IN MAY, SAYS REPORT - HINDUSTAN TIMES
The country’s coal import dropped by 20 per cent to 18.93 million tonnes (MT) last month, industry data showed.
The government ...
Monday, 08 June 20
WOOD MACKENZIE: THE INDISPENSABLE OPEC+
Rumours of “the death of OPEC” have been circulating for almost as long as the organisation has existed. Just three years after the car ...
Monday, 08 June 20
CHINA'S COAL IMPORTS FALL NEARLY 20% IN MAY EVEN AS DEMAND RISES - REUTERS
China’s coal imports in May fell nearly 20% compared with a year earlier even as demand recovered at power plants and industrial users, custo ...
Monday, 08 June 20
JUNE 2020 INDONESIAN COAL PRICE REFERENCE HIT US$ 52.98 A TON, ITS LOWEST LEVEL SINCE AT LEAST AUGUST 2016
COALspot.com: The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources of the Republic of Indonesia has revised down again the benchmark price of Indonesian th ...
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- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Australian Coal Association
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- The University of Queensland
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Planning Commission, India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
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