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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Thursday, 11 June 20
JAN-MAY, INDONESIA SHIPPED 175.15 MILLION TONS OF COAL TO ITS OVERSEAS BUYERS
Indonesia's coal production for the first 5 months of this year have reached 228 million tons. January – May 2020, Indonesia shipped US$ ...
Thursday, 11 June 20
CHINA'S BENCHMARK POWER COAL PRICE EDGES UP - XINHUA
China’s benchmark power coal price rose slightly during the past week.
The Bohai-Rim Steam-Coal Price Index (BSPI), a gauge of ...
Wednesday, 10 June 20
OPEC+ CUTS EXTENSION TO ACCELERATE MARKET REBALANCING - FITCH RATINGS
Fitch Ratings-London-08 June 2020: The OPEC+ agreement to extend by one month record oil production cuts should accelerate market rebalancing, Fitc ...
Wednesday, 10 June 20
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
In contrast to the economic projections of the past two years for the first half of 2020, the oil & gas industry and those involved in it faced ...
Wednesday, 10 June 20
CHINA TAIYUAN COAL TRANSACTION PRICE INDEX DOWN 0.19 PCT - XINHUA
China Taiyuan coal transaction price index stood at 123.71 points Monday, down 0.19 percent week on week.
The index, released by Chi ...
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- The University of Queensland
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- PTC India Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- White Energy Company Limited
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
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