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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Tuesday, 16 June 20
SHALE SHOCKED - WOOD MACKENZIE
Capturing shut-ins in real time
Oil markets are searching for balance as the world reflects on the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. ...
Sunday, 14 June 20
INDONESIAN COAL WAS STILL IN DEMAND; A 52,000-DWT SUPRAMAX FIXING DELIVERY CJK FOR A ROUND VOYAGE VIA INDONESIA AT $6,250 - BALTIC BRIEFING
Capesize
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Friday, 12 June 20
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Friday, 12 June 20
COAL INDIA LIMITED SET FOR MARKETING DRIVE TO CREATE DEMAND - FINANCIAL EXPRESS
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Friday, 12 June 20
MOODY'S REVISES BRENT OIL PRICE OUTLOOK TO $35/BARREL IN 2020 - TASS
Low oil prices are likely to exert the highest pressure on Iraq, Oman and Kuwait due to the limited space for the fiscal policy pursuit and higher ...
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Showing 911 to 915 news of total 6871 |
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- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- The University of Queensland
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- White Energy Company Limited
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- PTC India Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Planning Commission, India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
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