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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Wednesday, 17 June 20
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
After experiencing record earnings during the first half of the year, the focus of headlines concerning the tanker market has shifted from the deve ...
Wednesday, 17 June 20
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Tuesday, 16 June 20
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Tuesday, 16 June 20
CHINA TAIYUAN COAL TRANSACTION PRICE INDEX UP 0.58 PCT - XINHUA
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The index, released by China ...
Tuesday, 16 June 20
HIGHER IRON ORE PRICES OFFSET CORONAVIRUS-DRIVEN PRODUCTION RISK - FITCH RATINGS
Lower iron ore production in Brazil, resulting from rising coronavirus infections, should only marginally affect the cash flow of Vale and other gl ...
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- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Australian Coal Association
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- The University of Queensland
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- White Energy Company Limited
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Planning Commission, India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
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