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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Saturday, 20 June 20
NO ESCAPING GLOBAL TRADE SLUMP - BALTIC EXCHANGE
Those hoping for a decent recovery in trade in the second half of the year should prepare for disappointment.
New data from the Unit ...
Friday, 19 June 20
INDIA'S COAL CONSUMPTION GROWTH IN 2019 SLOWEST SINCE 2001: BP STATS REVIEW - HINDU BUSINESS LINE
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Friday, 19 June 20
KOWEPO TO IMPORT 1,050,000 MT OF MIN 5300 NCV COAL FOR THREE YEARS
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Thursday, 18 June 20
INDIA: GOVT'S PLAN TO CUT COAL IMPORT GOES FOR A TOSS AS FY20 BREAKS LOGISTICS CHAIN; LOCAL OUTPUT STAGNANT - FINANCIAL EXPRESS
Weak logistics support and disrupted supply chain towards the end of the last financial year 2019-20 hit the government’s plan to cut coal im ...
Thursday, 18 June 20
INDIA: THERMAL PLANTS TO OPERATE BELOW 53% CAPACITY IN FY21 AS POWER DEMAND DIPS - BUSINESS STANDARD
The Plant Load Factor (PLF) of thermal power stations across the country is projected to dip below 53 per cent in this fiscal. Muted power demand f ...
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- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- The University of Queensland
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Planning Commission, India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Australian Coal Association
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Deloitte Consulting - India
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