We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Wednesday, 24 June 20
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
The World Bank estimates that the global economy will fall by 5.2% this year, underlining that the Covid-19 pandemic has had rapid and massive cons ...
Tuesday, 23 June 20
COVID-19 COULD CAUSE A BOOM IN COAL POWER - RYSTAD ENERGY | OILPRICE
COVID-19 has not only impacted the energy industry’s revenues but also its infrastructure development.
The delay of new natural gas ...
Tuesday, 23 June 20
CHINA'S COAL OUTPUT UP 0.9 PCT IN JANUARY-MAY: XINHUA
Output of raw coal in China rose 0.9 percent year on year to 1.47 billion tonnes in the first five months of this year, official data showed.
& ...
Monday, 22 June 20
KAMSARMAX TYPES REGULARLY HIT THE $9,000 PER DAY LEVEL FOR INDONESIAN COAL RUN TO CHINA, BALTIC BRIEFING SAYS
Capesize
The Capesize market trajectory this week has been one of the steepest rallies the sector has experienced. Opening at $12,410, the sect ...
Saturday, 20 June 20
WORLD OIL DEMAND IS PROJECTED TO DECREASE BY 9.1 MB/D IN 2020 - OPEC
Crude Oil Price Movements
Spot crude oil prices rebounded in May from low levels registered a month earlier, as physical market fundamentals im ...
|
|
|
Showing 896 to 900 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- The University of Queensland
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Economic Council, Georgia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- White Energy Company Limited
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
|
| |
| |
|
