We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Monday, 29 June 20
CHINA COAL IMPORT OUTLOOK: MANY MOVING PARTS, FORECAST TO FALL 10% YOY - GHEE PEH | IEEFA
China’s coal demand declined in the first quarter of 2020. According to the China National Coal Association, the country consumed 870mt in th ...
Monday, 29 June 20
ULTRAMAX: A 58,000 FIXING DELIVERY SINGAPORE TRIP, VIA EAST COAST INDIA, REDELIVERY CHINA IN THE LOW $12,000S - BALTIC BRIEFING
Capesize
As the halfway mark of 2020 arrives, the capesize market is making new highs for the year. From persistent lows earlier caused by a ba ...
Saturday, 27 June 20
CHINA'S BENCHMARK POWER COAL PRICE REMAINS FLAT - XINHUA
China’s benchmark power coal price remained flat during the past week.
The Bohai-Rim Steam-Coal Price Index (BSPI), a gauge of ...
Friday, 26 June 20
WHAT TODAY'S BAILOUTS CAN DO FOR TOMORROW'S ECONOMIES - WORLD ECONOMIC FORUM
The COVID-19 crisis provides an opportunity for governments to build fairer, more sustainable and more resilient economies.
Governments a ...
Thursday, 25 June 20
ALL YOU WANT TO KNOW ABOUT COAL MINE AUCTIONS - THE HINDU BUSINESS LINE
Last week, Prime Minister Narendra Modi threw open the auction of 41 coal blocks for commercial mining. The decision, which was part of the announc ...
|
|
|
Showing 891 to 895 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Australian Coal Association
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Planning Commission, India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- White Energy Company Limited
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
|
| |
| |
|
