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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Wednesday, 01 July 20
COLOMBIA'S COAL EXPORT VOLUMES HAVE STEADILY DECLINED IN RECENT YEARS - BANCHERO COSTA
Colombia is the world’s fifth largest seaborne exporter of coal, coming after Australia, Indonesia, Russia and the USA.
Export ...
Wednesday, 01 July 20
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
It was beginning of 2020 – close to 6 months from now – when we first experienced the huge impact of the COVID 19 outbreak on Ship Repa ...
Monday, 29 June 20
INDONESIAN COAL AT THE MERCY OF THE DRAGON AND TIGER - GHEE PEH | IEEFA
Coal sector analysts have been busy in recent months mapping the negative impact of low coal prices from the COVID-19 pandemic on Indonesian coal c ...
Monday, 29 June 20
FALLING DEMAND IN CHINA AND INDIA SIGNAL TOUGH TIMES AHEAD FOR INDONESIAN EXPORTS - GHEE PEH | EEFA
Assessing the Impact on Indonesian Coal Companies
The bad news for Indonesia’s coal companies is that they are likely to have ...
Monday, 29 June 20
INDIA COAL IMPORT OUTLOOK: WEAK DEMAND, IMPORT SUBSTITUTION, EXPECT 20% YOY DECLINE - GHEE PEH | IEEFA
For India, the coal demand indicators have clearly turned negative.
According to Argus Media, since the government declared a ...
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- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- White Energy Company Limited
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Economic Council, Georgia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Bhatia International Limited - India
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