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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Tuesday, 14 November 23
CHINA'S BELT AND ROAD INITIATIVE TURNS AWAY FROM COAL - WOOD MACKENZIE
Ambitious, contentious and big spending, China’s Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) is 10 years old. In that time, China has splashed more than U ...
Friday, 10 November 23
THE COMMODITIES FEED: OIL UNDER PRESSURE - ING
Energy – Brent plummets
The oil market came under significant pressure yesterday. ICE Brent settled 4.19% lower on the day and ...
Friday, 10 November 23
COAL USE AT U.S. POWER PLANTS CONTINUES DOWNWARD SPIRAL; FULL IMPACT ON MINES TO BE FELT IN 2024 - IEEFA
This year, the use of coal by the U.S.’s power producers has been so anemic that the fuel has not achieved a 20% market share in any month so ...
Friday, 10 November 23
INDIA: NATIONAL COAL INDEX RISES 3.83 POINTS IN SEPTEMBER AMID HIGHER DEMAND - LIVEMINT
The National Coal Index (NCI) rose 3.83 points to 143.91 in September amid growing demand for coal.
The union coal ministry on Tuesd ...
Thursday, 09 November 23
WE'RE PRODUCING TOO MUCH COAL, OIL AND GAS, REPORT SAYS - WSJ
World leaders pledged in 2015 to reduce emissions in a combined effort to limit climate change.
Now they are stepping up production ...
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- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- The University of Queensland
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Australian Coal Association
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Planning Commission, India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
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