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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Tuesday, 07 July 20
WHAT DOES THE PATHWAY TO A NET-ZERO ECONOMY LOOK LIKE FOR MINERS? - WOOD MACKENZIE
Wind, solar, electric vehicles, stationary storage and transmission are all central to achieving the Paris Agreement decarbonisation goals.
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Monday, 06 July 20
INDONESIAN COAL PRICE REFERENCE IN FREE FALL
COALspot.com: The Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources of the Republic of Indonesia has revised down again the benchmark price of Indonesian th ...
Monday, 06 July 20
SUPRAMAX: A 58,000-DWT FIXING DELIVERY VIETNAM TRIP VIA INDONESIA RE-DELIVERY WEST INDIA IN THE LOW $4,000S
Capesize
The Capesize market continues to go from strength to strength, as rates reach highs not seen since September last year. The rally is p ...
Thursday, 02 July 20
PRIVATE COAL MINING MAY SEE WEAK INVESTOR SENTIMENT: ICRA - LIVEMINT
The prospects of commercial coal mining in India may be dimmer than initially expected because of the expected shift in India’s energy mix fr ...
Wednesday, 01 July 20
THERMAL COAL OPTIONS TRADING LAUNCHED IN CHINA'S ZHENGZHOU - XINHUA
Thermal coal options started trading on the Zhengzhou Commodity Exchange (ZCE) in central China’s Henan Province Tuesday.
It i ...
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- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- White Energy Company Limited
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Australian Coal Association
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- PTC India Limited - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
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