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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Friday, 10 July 20
CHINA'S BENCHMARK POWER COAL PRICE EDGES UP - XINHUA
China’s benchmark power coal price rose slightly during the past week.
The Bohai-Rim Steam-Coal Price Index (BSPI), a gauge of ...
Friday, 10 July 20
GLOBAL SHIPPING EARNINGS FORECAST CUT AS SUPPLY SET TO OUTSTRIP DEMAND - MOODY'S
EBITDA forecast worsens, keeping outlook negative. We now expect the aggregate EBITDA of rated shipping companies to fall by around 16%-18% in 2020 ...
Friday, 10 July 20
SLOW RECOVERY IN TANKER RATES TO WEIGH ON BUANA LINTAS LAUTAN - FITCH RATINGS
Fitch Ratings believes that international tanker rates are likely improve after their sharp fall since May 2020, albeit at a slow pace. The weaknes ...
Wednesday, 08 July 20
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
During the previous month, the dry bulk market witnessed an impressive increase in the BDI index that has reached 1800 points from 500 with a clear ...
Tuesday, 07 July 20
COAL INDIA WORKERS STRIKE CUTS OUTPUT BY 56%: OFFICIAL - REUTERS
A strike at Coal India Ltd cut production by 56% in the three days ending July 4 as workers oppose opening up coal mining to the private sector, a ...
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- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Australian Coal Association
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
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