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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Wednesday, 15 July 20
CHINA'S JUNE COAL IMPORTS FALL 6.7% Y/Y ON PORT CURBS - REUTERS
China’s coal imports dropped 6.7% in June from the same period last year, as stringent import restrictions at ports impeded purchases by trad ...
Wednesday, 15 July 20
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
The Covid-19 virus spread around the world has obviously impacted the global oil demand while the situation remains fluid. The overall constraint ...
Tuesday, 14 July 20
CHINA TAIYUAN COAL TRANSACTION PRICE INDEX UP 0.75 PCT - XINHUA
China Taiyuan coal transaction price index stood at 126.01 points Monday, up 0.75 percent week on week.
The index, released by China ...
Tuesday, 14 July 20
TURKEY - A CASE OF UNDECLARED BUNKER - GARD
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
Undeclared/excess bunkers can be considered a criminal act by Turkish customs officials with the ship's crew being ac ...
Monday, 13 July 20
PANAMAX: A TUMULTUOUS WEEK IN THE PANAMAX MARKET ENSURED ALL MARKETS GAINED VALUE ON THE WEEK - BALTIC BRIEFING
Capesize
This week witnessed the dreaded correction in the Capesize market, with the time charter average shedding almost 18 per cent to close ...
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- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- PTC India Limited - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Australian Coal Association
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
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