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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Monday, 20 July 20
COAL INDIA LAUNCHES SPECIAL CATEGORY OF E-AUCTION FOR COAL IMPORTERS - BUSINESS STANDARD
Coal India (CIL) on Friday launched a special category of e-auction for importers of coal. This is in line with the government’s declaration ...
Monday, 20 July 20
OIL PRICE OF $40-43 PER BARREL MORE OR LESS BALANCED - NOVAK | TASS
The Russian Ministry of Energy considers the current oil price of $40-43 per barrel more or less balanced and does not expect price changes after t ...
Monday, 20 July 20
SUPRAMAX: A 63,000 OPEN NORTH CHINA FIXING AN AUSTRALIAN ROUND IN THE LOW $10,000S - BALTIC BRIEFING
Capesize
The capesize market showed some resistance this week to recent losses as all routes saw a small uptick in value to end the week. With ...
Friday, 17 July 20
MISC MALAYSIA ENTERS INTO PURCHASE AGREEMENTS AND TIME CHARTER PARTIES FOR SIX VLECS
MISC Berhad (MISC) has entered into Memorandum of Agreements (MOAs) with six indirect wholly-owned subsidiaries of Zhejiang Satellite Petrochem ...
Wednesday, 15 July 20
HOW MEANINGFUL ARE SOME ESTIMATES FOR INDIA’S COAL CONSUMPTION DATA? - IEEFA
In recent years, BP's estimates for India have contained what appears to be a record of over-optimistic projections
BP’s a ...
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- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Australian Coal Association
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- PTC India Limited - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Planning Commission, India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- The University of Queensland
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
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