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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Friday, 24 July 20
IPA: THERMAL COAL IMPORTS AT MAJOR PORTS DECLINE 35 PC TO 17.71 MT IN APR TO JUNE - ECONOMIC TIMES
These ports had handled 27.13 MT of thermal coal and 14.95 MT of coking coal in the April-June period of the previous financial year
...
Thursday, 23 July 20
KOREAN GENCOS INVITED BIDS FOR TOTAL 1.36 MILLION TONS OF BITUMINOUS COAL FOR OCTOBER 2020 LOADING
COALspot.com: Korea Midland Power Co., Ltd (KOMIPO) on behalf of EWP, KOSPO, KOSEP and KOWEPO has issued an international tender for total 1,360,00 ...
Wednesday, 22 July 20
CIL'S COAL SUPPLY TO POWER SECTOR DROPS OVER 21% TO 93.5 MT IN APR-JUN QUARTER - PTI
The supply of coal by state-owned Coal India Ltd to the power sector fell 21.7 percent to 93.5 million tonnes (MT) in the first quarter of the ongo ...
Monday, 20 July 20
KOREA MIDLAND POWER INVITED BIDS FOR TOTAL 2.520 MILLION MT OF BITUMINOUS COAL FOR THREE YEARS
COALspot.com: Korea Midland Power Co., Ltd (KOMIPO), has issued an international tender for total 840,000 of Bituminous Coal to be used at Bo ...
Monday, 20 July 20
CHINA'S JUNE COAL OUTPUT FALLS 1.2% YEAR-ON-YEAR OVER ILLEGAL MINING CHECKS - REUTERS
China’s coal output dropped 1.2% in June on the year to 330 million tonnes, official data showed, as major coal mining areas cracked down on ...
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- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Economic Council, Georgia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Planning Commission, India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- The University of Queensland
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
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