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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Friday, 31 July 20
BOTSWANA PLANS MORE COAL-FIRED POWER AS AFRICAN SOLAR ACCELERATES - IEEFA
An African economic leader like Botswana should embrace solar to reduce subsidies and tariff hikes
As Sub-Saharan solar ambition has ...
Wednesday, 29 July 20
2019 U.S. COAL PRODUCTION FALLS TO ITS LOWEST LEVEL SINCE 1978 - EIA
In 2019, U.S. coal production totaled 706 million short tons (MMst), a 7% decrease from the 756 MMst mined in 2018. Last year’s production wa ...
Wednesday, 29 July 20
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
The dry bulk sector is beginning to recover from reduced SnP activity recorded in the first quarter of 2020. The table below illustrates that appro ...
Tuesday, 28 July 20
DEUTSCHE BANK TO END GLOBAL BUSINESS ACTIVITIES IN COAL MINING BY 2025 - REUTERS
Deutsche Bank, in a revamp of its policies for fossil fuels, said on Monday that it would end business activities worldwide related to coal mining ...
Monday, 27 July 20
IEEFA ENERGY FINANCE CONFERENCE 2020: COAL, LNG, PETROCHEMICAL SECTORS FACE POOR OUTLOOK AND UPHILL BATTLE FOR INVESTORS
Fossil fuel industries were becoming less financially attractive even before the global coronavirus pandemic
Three major fossil fuel ...
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- Minerals Council of Australia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Planning Commission, India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- The University of Queensland
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
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