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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Wednesday, 05 August 20
SLUMP IN OIL REVENUE CHALLENGES MIDDLE EAST OIL EXPORTERS - INTERMODAL
The Covid-19 pandemic has had far-reaching consequences on the global capital markets. Despite the US government’s efforts for a quick and de ...
Tuesday, 04 August 20
KOEN INVITED BIDS FOR TOTAL 900K MT OF MIN 5600 NCV COAL FOR 3 YEARS
COALspot.com: South Korea’s KOREA SOUTH-EAST POWER CO., LTD. (KOEN) has issued an international tender for 260,000 to 300,000 Tons (MT) min. ...
Tuesday, 04 August 20
THE WORLD’S FLEET OF COAL-FIRED POWER STATIONS HAS GOT SMALLER FOR THE FIRST TIME ON RECORD, WITH MORE CAPACITY RETIRED IN THE FIRST HALF OF 2020 THAN THE AMOUNT OPENED - IEA
This is according to the latest Global Coal Plant Tracker (GCPT) results by Global Energy Monitor (GEM), which we completed last month and report f ...
Monday, 03 August 20
U.S. COAL CONSUMPTION, WHICH HAS DECLINED SINCE ITS 2007 PEAK, FELL TO ITS LOWEST POINT IN APRIL 2020 - EIA
According to the U.S. Energy Information Administration’s (EIA) most recent Monthly Energy Review, the United States consumed 6.5 quadrillion ...
Monday, 03 August 20
LOW OIL PRICE AND CORONA VIRUS HIT SUB-SAHARAN AFRICA OIL PRODUCERS - FITCH RATINGS
The collapse in oil prices and the coronavirus shock is worsening the fiscal and external balances of sub-Saharan African oil producers, Fitch Rati ...
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- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Planning Commission, India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
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