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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Wednesday, 12 August 20
THE COAL MARKET IN ITALY - ASSOCARBONI
Italy, which in 2019 reported a decrease in thermal coal imports, with a volume of 7,5 million tons (-32% compared to 11 million tons in 2018), whi ...
Wednesday, 12 August 20
U.S. COAL PRODUCTION IN 2020 WILL DECREASE BY 29% FROM 2019 LEVELS TO 502 MMST - EIA
U.S. coal consumption, which dropped to its lowest point since April, totaled 95 MMst in the second quarter of 2020.
EIA expec ...
Tuesday, 11 August 20
BHP COAL ASSETS WORTH A BILLION LESS THAN JUST TWO YEARS AGO - IEEFA
Another global investor, the UK’s biggest public pension fund NEST, has withdrawn funds from BHP this week because the company is profiting & ...
Monday, 10 August 20
COAL IMPORT DROPS 43% IN JULY OWING TO HIGH STOCKPILE AT PITHEADS, PLANTS - PTI
“The market participants seem to have adopted a wait and watch approach and are currently looking for a direction. We do not expect to see an ...
Saturday, 08 August 20
GLOBAL COAL POWER PUZZLE - BALTIC EXCHANGE
Global Energy Monitor’s latest Global Coal Plant Tracker has put another nail in the coffin for the coal-carrying fleet with its finding that ...
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- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Planning Commission, India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Australian Coal Association
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
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