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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Friday, 07 August 20
PEABODY'S $1.42 BILLION WRITE-DOWN CONCEDES COAL MINES HAVE LITTLE VALUE AND DIM FUTURE - IEEFA
Trouble at biggest mine in Powder River Basin speaks volumes about state of industry
Peabody Energy, the world’s largest priva ...
Thursday, 06 August 20
SUPRAMAX MARKET CONTINUED SIDEWAYS TREND, AND LITTLE INSPIRING NEWS APPEAR - FEARNLEYS
Capesize
There is presently a small correction in rates, but overall levels are up from previous week mainly due to increased demand in the Eas ...
Thursday, 06 August 20
KOREA SOUTH-EAST POWER INVITING BIDS FOR MIN 3,600-MAX 3,800 NCV COAL
COALspot.com: South Korea’s KOREA SOUTH-EAST POWER CO., LTD. (KOEN) inviting bids for 80,000 Tons (MT) Min 3,600~Max 3,800 kcal/kg NCV coal f ...
Wednesday, 05 August 20
NO NEW MINING LICENSES - A REMINDER TO GOVERNORS IN INDONESIA - SSEK
Indonesia’s acting Director General of Mining and Coal (“DGMC”) has issued a letter to the country’s provincial Governors t ...
Wednesday, 05 August 20
AUGUST 2020 HBA HITTING ITS LOWEST LEVELS IN HISTORY
COALspot.com: The Indonesia Coal Price Reference for the month of August plunged 30.73% YoY, hitting its lowest levels in history and highlighting ...
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- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Planning Commission, India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- The University of Queensland
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Australian Coal Association
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
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