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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Wednesday, 22 November 23
INDIA: GOVERNMENT PLANS 1.4 BILLION TONNE COAL OUTPUT BY 2027 - LIVEMINT
The Union coal ministry on Monday announced plans to increase India’s coal production to 1.404 billion tonne by 2027, with an eye to further ...
Wednesday, 22 November 23
OBLIGATION. INDONESIA AIMS TO START COLLECTING LEVIES FROM COAL MINERS IN JANUARY - REUTERS
Indonesia plans to start collecting levies from coal miners in January to be used to compensate miners who sell coal to the state utility at lower ...
Tuesday, 21 November 23
INDIAN COAL POWER PLANTS’ CAPACITY UTILISATION WILL IMPROVE TO 65% THIS FISCAL: - CRISIL
Coal-based thermal power units’ plant load factor (PLF) or capacity utilisation will improve to 65 percent in the current fiscal year despite ...
Tuesday, 14 November 23
CAPITAL PRODUCT PARTNERS L.P. ANNOUNCES TRANSFORMATIVE TRANSACTION INCLUDING THE ACQUISITION OF 11 NEWBUILD LNG CARRIERS FOR $3.1 BILLION
Capital Product Partners L.P. announced that it has entered into an umbrella agreement (the “Umbrella Agreement”) with Capital Maritime ...
Tuesday, 14 November 23
COAL INDIA BEATS Q2 PROFIT VIEW ON HIGH POWER DEMAND AMID WEAK MONSOON - REUTERS
Coal India on Friday reported better-than-expected second-quarter profit, helped by high power demand and boosted production amid a weak monsoon.
...
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- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- The University of Queensland
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Australian Coal Association
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- White Energy Company Limited
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Parliament of New Zealand
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Planning Commission, India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
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