We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Tuesday, 18 August 20
BLACKBALLED: WILL COAL BOUNCE BACK FROM SLUMP OR IS IT TERMINAL? - SYDNEY MORNING HERALD
Even by the standards of this miserable year, 2020 has been a shocker for the global coal industry.
As the lockdown kicked in demand ...
Friday, 14 August 20
EIA: COAL PLANTS UNECONOMICAL IN MOST REGIONS - IEEFA
U.S. coal power generation plunged by 30 percent in the first half of 2020 off an already-depressed base, shoved out by natural gas and renewables ...
Thursday, 13 August 20
INDIA SHOULD RECORD A SLIGHT DECREASE IN THERMAL COAL IMPORTS, REACHING A VOLUME OF 167 MILLION TONS BY THE END OF 2020 - ASSOCARBONI
Regarding 2020 thermal coal imports forecasts, Vietnam’s coal imports showed a very strong growth in the first half of 2020 and it is believe ...
Thursday, 13 August 20
INDONESIA REMAINS THE LARGEST EXPORTER OF COAL IN THE WORLD - ASSOCARBONI
According to the last Assocarboni data for 2019, Indonesia remains the largest exporter in the world. Thermal coal exports have in fact reached 456 ...
Wednesday, 12 August 20
VIETNAM WAS THE PROTAGONIST OF A SIGNIFICANT INCREASE IN COAL IMPORTS IN 2019 - ASSOCARBONI
The latest Assocarboni data for 2019 also provide a detailed picture on the trend of the global coal import.
According to Assocarbon ...
|
|
|
Showing 831 to 835 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Australian Coal Association
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- PTC India Limited - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
|
| |
| |
|
