We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Wednesday, 19 August 20
COAL INDIA TRADE UNIONS DEFER DAY-LONG STRIKE: PTI
The unions had decided to go on strike against the commercial mining and the proposed divestment or buyback of shares of Coal India Ltd (CIL).
...
Wednesday, 19 August 20
MISC MARKS ITS MAIDEN FORAY INTO MAJOR DEEP-WATER PROJECT IN LATIN AMERICA WITH MERO 3 FPSO
MISC Berhad (MISC) is pleased to announce its acceptance of Letter of Intent (LOI) from Petróleo Brasileiro S.A. (Petrobras) for the provisi ...
Wednesday, 19 August 20
MARKET INSIGHT - GEORGE LAIOS | INTERMODAL
Since the Covid-19 outbreak, governments and central banks around the globe have been using their ammunition and stimulus packages to keep their ec ...
Wednesday, 19 August 20
INDIA SAW A SHARP DECLINE IN ENERGY COAL IMPORTS IN JANUARY - JUNE 2020; –27 PER CENT YOY - BHP
Energy coal prices were weak in the second half of financial year 2020, BHP says in its Economic and Commodity Outlook FY20.
Accordi ...
Wednesday, 19 August 20
COAL PRICES TO REMAIN SUBDUED THIS FISCAL AMID WEAK DEMAND, HIGH INVENTORY - THE HINDU BUSINESS LINE
Coal offtake is improving gradually as lockdown eases
Coal prices are expected to remain subdued to weak demand and high inventory l ...
|
|
|
Showing 826 to 830 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Planning Commission, India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Australian Coal Association
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- The University of Queensland
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- PTC India Limited - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- White Energy Company Limited
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
|
| |
| |
|
