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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Friday, 21 August 20
BHP COMMITS TO SELLING ITS THERMAL COALMINES WITHIN TWO YEARS - THE GUARDIAN
Move follows pressure from investors but company stops short of full exit from coalmining
BHP has announced it plans to sell off its ...
Thursday, 20 August 20
MINER BHP CONFIRMS PLANS TO EXIT THERMAL COAL SECTOR - THE SYDNEY MORNING HERALD
The head of mining giant BHP has laid out plans for a reshaping of its global operations by seeking to quit thermal coal mining, offload some cokin ...
Thursday, 20 August 20
LONDON RETAINS ARBITER CROWN - BALTIC EXCHANGE | HFW
Fears that the UK’s decision to leave the European Union would dent the reputation of the nation’s capital as the leader in maritime ar ...
Wednesday, 19 August 20
U.S. COAL STOCKPILES STEADILY INCREASE AFTER REACHING LOWEST LEVEL IN A DECADE IN 2019 - EIA
After reaching their lowest level in more than a decade in March 2019, U.S. coal stockpiles steadily increased to 152 million tons in April 2020, r ...
Wednesday, 19 August 20
CHINA TAIYUAN COAL TRANSACTION PRICE INDEX DOWN 0.26 PCT - XINHUA
China Taiyuan coal transaction price index stood at 124.92 points Monday, down 0.26 percent week on week.
The index, released by Chi ...
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- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Australian Coal Association
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- The University of Queensland
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Planning Commission, India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- VISA Power Limited - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
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