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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Tuesday, 25 August 20
INDIA'S IMPORTS FALL AS LOCKDOWNS IMPACT THE POWER AND INDUSTRIAL SECTORS - REPORT
India is the world’s second largest thermal coal consumer and importer, importing an estimated 211 million tonnes of thermal coal in 2019.&nb ...
Monday, 24 August 20
A COMBINATION OF DEVELOPMENTS DROVE THE FALLOFF COAL PRICES - CHIEF ECONOMIST’ OFFICE, AUSTRALIA
China, rising domestic production combined with subdued power demand;
India, a lockdown coupled with government directives that fav ...
Monday, 24 August 20
AUSTRALIA'S THERMAL COAL EXPORTS ARE FORECAST TO DROP FROM AN ESTIMATED $20 BILLION IN 2019-20 TO $16 BILLION IN 2020-21: REPORT
Thermal coal spot prices have fallen sharply as the impact of COVID-19 drives a contraction in seaborne trade for only the second time this century ...
Saturday, 22 August 20
REPORT SEES INDIA’S RELIANCE ON THERMAL POWER DROPPING TO 50% IN 2021, 43% IN 2026 - ET ENERGY | IEEFA
India’s dependence on thermal power will reduce to 50 per cent by 2021-22 and 43 per cent by 2026-27 on the back of renewable energy (RE) cap ...
Friday, 21 August 20
323 MILLION ELECTRIC VEHICLES WILL BE ON THE ROADS BY 2040 - WOOD MACKENZIE
Electric vehicle (EV) sales are expected to reach 45 million units per year by 2040, with a total global EV stock of 323 million, according to new ...
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- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- White Energy Company Limited
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Australian Coal Association
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Planning Commission, India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
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