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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Thursday, 27 August 20
BANGLADESH POWER MINISTRY SEEKING AUTHORITY TO CANCEL 13,000 MW OF PROPOSED COAL-FIRED CAPACITY - BUSINESS STANDARD
In a bid to move away from dirty energy, the Ministry of Power, Energy and Mineral Resources is seeking the prime minister’s approval to conv ...
Wednesday, 26 August 20
ASIAN COAL PRICES LIKELY TO REMAIN DEPRESSED SAY TRADERS, ANALYSTS - REUTERS
Asian coal prices, which have fallen around 25% this year as power demand slumped due to the coronavirus outbreak, are unlikely to move higher befo ...
Wednesday, 26 August 20
WORLD COAL EXPORTS: INDONESIAN THERMAL COAL EXPORTS HAVE COME UNDER PRESSURE AS THERMAL COAL PRICES WEAKEN - REPORT
Indonesia’s exports to decline sharply from record highs
Indonesia is the world’s largest thermal coal exporter, sellin ...
Wednesday, 26 August 20
JAPAN'S COAL IMPORTS ARE BEING AFFECTED BY COMPETING INFLUENCES - REPORT
Japan is the world’s third largest thermal coal importer, importing an estimated 135 million tonnes of thermal coal in 2019. The country&rsqu ...
Wednesday, 26 August 20
PENDING SOUTH KOREA LEGISLATION COULD FORCE HALT TO COUNTRY’S COAL PLANT EXPORT DEALS - KOREA ECONOMIC DAILY
South Korea’s parliament looks set to pass new legislation to ban financing on foreign coal power projects, putting all overseas coal-fired p ...
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- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Australian Coal Association
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Planning Commission, India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- The University of Queensland
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- PTC India Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- White Energy Company Limited
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Parliament of New Zealand
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
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