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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Sunday, 30 August 20
PANAMAX - THIS WEEK THE DEMAND HAS PICKED UP, BUT THE TONNAGE LIST IS INCREASING DAY BY DAY - FEARNLEYS
Cape Size
More or less flat from previous week, with cape rates moving from US$ 19,500 to 18,900 on average. West Australia however being more ...
Saturday, 29 August 20
COAL INDIA'S FUEL SUPPLY TO POWER SECTOR DROPS ABOUT 20% IN APR-JUL: PTI
State-owned Coal India”s fuel supply to the power sector registered a decline of 19.5 per cent to 126.30 million tonnes (MT) in the April-Jul ...
Saturday, 29 August 20
SOUTH KOREAN BROKERAGE FIRM KOREA INVESTMENT & SECURITIES TO STOP ALL COAL BUSINESS - KOREA HERALD
South Korean brokerage firm Korea Investment & Securities has decided to stop its investments in coal, in line with the Moon Jae-in administrat ...
Thursday, 27 August 20
KOREAN GENCOS INVITED BIDS FOR TOTAL 985,000 TONS OF BITUMINOUS COAL FOR NOVEMBER 2020 LOADING
COALspot.com: Korea Midland Power Co., Ltd (KOMIPO) on behalf of EWP, KOSPO, KOSEP and KOWEPO has issued an international tender for total 985,000 ...
Thursday, 27 August 20
SOUTHEAST ASIAN NATIONS SET REGION-WIDE RENEWABLE ENERGY GOAL OF 23 PERCENT BY 2025 - ASEAN POST
The Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) has set an ambitious target of securing 23 percent of its primary energy from renewable so ...
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- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Australian Coal Association
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- The University of Queensland
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Planning Commission, India
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- White Energy Company Limited
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- PTC India Limited - India
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
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