We welcome article submissions from experts in the areas of coal, mining,
shipping, etc.
To Submit your article please click here.
|
|
|
Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
If you believe an article violates your rights or the rights of others, please contact us.
|
|
Wednesday, 02 September 20
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
The imminent global shift towards eco-friendliness has caused divide among the shipping community because there is no outlined, clear-cut way via w ...
Wednesday, 02 September 20
INDONESIA COAL PRICE REFERENCE DIVES FURTHER IN SEPTEMBER DUE TO SUBDUED DEMAND & GLOBAL OVERSUPPLY
Subdued demand & global oversupply pushed down this month's HBA
COALspot.com: The Indonesia Coal Price Reference ...
Tuesday, 01 September 20
WHY INDIA CAN'T MATCH THE GULF REGION'S RECORD-LOW SOLAR TARIFFS - IEEFA
5-10% annual decline in tariffs estimated for the next decade
A number of countries in the Gulf region have set record-low prices for solar in ...
Tuesday, 01 September 20
COVID-19 PUSHES US LNG INTO A TIGHT SPOT - DREWRY
The pandemic-led weak projections for economic growth will derail US LNG exports in full-year 2020 with the country also losing ground in the long ...
Monday, 31 August 20
DEFECTIVE PASSAGE PLANNING: UNSEAWORTHINESS OR A NAVIGATIONAL DECISION? THE CMA CGM LIBRA QUESTION SAILS ON TO THE UK SUPREME COURT - GARD
KNOWLEDGE TO ELEVATE
The UK Supreme Court has granted leave to appeal the recent decision in Alize 1954 v Allianz Elementar Versicherungs AG ( ...
|
|
|
Showing 801 to 805 news of total 6871 |
|
 |
|
|
|
|
| |
|
 |
|
|
| |
|
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- PTC India Limited - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Australian Coal Association
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Planning Commission, India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- White Energy Company Limited
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
|
| |
| |
|
