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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Friday, 04 September 20
IN A DEEPENING DEBT HOLE OF $34 BILLION, INDONESIA’S PLN MUST STOP DIGGING - IEEFA
The utility has added IDR100 trillion in debt annually for the last five years
Utilities globally started changing the way they do business ye ...
Friday, 04 September 20
KOMIPO INVITED BIDS FOR AUSTRALIAN MIN 5,700 NCV COAL FOR NOVEMBER
COALspot.com: Korea Midland Power Co. Ltd, has issued an International tender for 260,000 MT Min.5,700 kcal/kg NCV coal November, 2020 loading. Acc ...
Thursday, 03 September 20
BRINGING SERVICES OF FTCCI CLOSER TO THE EXPORTERS AT GMR AIR CARGO COMPLEX AT SHAMSHABAD
Press Release: “FTCCI Trade Facilitation Services at your doorstep now” says J.S. Chandrashekar, IRS., Principal Commissioner of Custom ...
Thursday, 03 September 20
CHINA'S BENCHMARK POWER COAL PRICE REMAINS FLAT - XINHUA
China’s benchmark power coal price remained flat during the past week.
The Bohai-Rim Steam-Coal Price Index (BSPI), a gauge of ...
Wednesday, 02 September 20
COAL PRODUCTION FALLS 7% IN APR-AUG; OFF TAKE DIPS 13.4% - FINANCIAL EXPRESS
In the month of August coal off take also increased 9.3% y-o-y to 44.34 MT as compared with 40.57 MT in the same period last year.
C ...
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- Bhatia International Limited - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- PTC India Limited - India
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- White Energy Company Limited
- The University of Queensland
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Australian Coal Association
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- MS Steel International - UAE
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Minerals Council of Australia
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Planning Commission, India
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
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