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Tuesday, 03 December 19
STABILITY AND COMPATIBILITY OF VERY LOW SULPHUR FUEL OILS - GARD
 In order to meet increasing restrictions on the sulphur content in marine fuel as defined by MARPOL Annex VI Regulation 14.1.3, the characteristics of the blending component feedstocks, method of production and type of cutter stocks used may be different from those in use today. As a result, marine fuels post 2020, i.e. max 0.50% blended fuels, are expected to result in a wide range of fuel formulations and characteristics and, consequently, an increased risk of instability and incompatibility compared with most fuels currently being used.
The aim of the International Council on Combustion Engines’ (CIMAC) new guideline, Marine fuel handling in connection to stability and compatibility, is to provide a practical and working understanding of the definitions of stability and compatibility of residual marine fuel oils and how these two fuel properties may be best managed in the supply chain and on-board ships. The guideline also covers the accepted available test methodologies for stability and for predicting compatibility, as well as their applicability and correct interpretation.
CIMAC is a project sponsor of the Joint Industry Guidance on the supply and use of 0.50% – sulphur marine fuel which was released in August 2019. The new CIMAC guideline builds on the Joint Industry Guidance and provides practical and detailed advice on fuel handling that should be required reading for those responsible for procurement of bunkers and fuel management onboard for vessels using residual fuels.
Stability vs compatibility
Residual fuel oils contain asphaltenes which is a generic term covering a wide range of heavier hydrocarbon structures of high molecular weight and high carbon/hydrogen ratios. If the asphaltenes cannot be retained in their suspended state, they will drop out as sludge and the fuel becomes unstable – also called ‘asphaltene precipitation’. The sludge is difficult to remove and in the worst case can harden into “coke like material” that must be removed manually.
The stability of a residual fuel is defined by its resistance to precipitate asphaltenic sludge despite being subjected to forces, such as thermal and ageing stresses, while handled and stored under normal operating conditions.
While stability is a characteristic of a single fuel as supplied, compatibility is the ability of two or more fuels to be comingled without evidence of material separation; or in other words, no asphaltenes precipitating when the fuels are mixed. Two perfectly stable fuels may be incompatible when mixed. Two stable fuels that are compatible at some mixing ratios may also be incompatible at other mixing ratios. It is therefore critical to properly test for compatibility before commingling.
From a ship perspective, the impact of an unstable fuel is identical to the impact of having mixed two incompatible fuels. In both instances, excessive sludge concentration may form in tanks and can readily choke purifiers, filters, fuel injection equipment and even fuel lines themselves. However, the responsibilities are very different. “It is the responsibility of the supplier to provide a stable product whereas it is the responsibility of the engineers on board to apply best fuel management practice to mitigate the risk associated with mixing incompatible fuels” states CIMAC.
Key recommendations
In order to mitigate the risk of a fuel becoming unstable on board, CIMAC recommends all marine fuels be purchased under ISO 8217:2017, including the information given in the ISO/PAS 23263:2019. Furthermore, ships’ crews are advised to apply a “first-in first-out” fuel inventory principle and make every effort to prevent the fuel being unnecessarily heated over extended periods.
Commingling of bunker fuel is never recommended but if there is no other option than to load on top in the bunker tank, CIMAC recommends that compatibility checks are made using actual ratios or if not known then ratios of around 10/90, 50/50 and 90/10 are recommended as a minimum. CIMAC also emphasizes on controlled laboratory testing for determining stability or compatibility.
The guideline in its entirety is available on the CIMAC website.
Further reading
Reference is also made to our publications Marine fuel – a toxic mix? and Contaminated bunkers: protecting the purchaser, highlighting some learning points from the “Houston contaminated bunker” cases in 2018. Our Alert Is the fuel in your emergency equipment fit for the purpose? emphasizes the importance of ensuring quality fuel being used for emergency equipment.
Source: Gard
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Wednesday, 09 September 20
MARKET INSIGHT - INTERMODAL
The uneventful summer lull which is coming to an end soon has left its stigma on the newbuilding market, which has already been devastated by the g ...
Saturday, 05 September 20
INDIA WON'T KICK ITS COAL HABIT SO EASILY - HINDU BUSINESS LINE
India has traditionally considered itself lucky to have been endowed with abundant coal reserves, which it has sought to use to meet its energy nee ...
Saturday, 05 September 20
FINANCING COMPLETE FOR 900MW FIFTH PHASE OF MASSIVE DUBAI SOLAR PARK: ARABIAN BUSINESS
Saudi-based ACWA Power on Thursday announced it has completed the signing of all financing agreements for the fifth phase of the Mohammed bin Rashi ...
Saturday, 05 September 20
POLISH COAL DEMAND EXPECTED TO FALL BY 7 MLN TONNES NEXT YEAR: MINISTER - REUTERS
Poland’s demand for coal is expected to fall by around 7 million tonnes next year, or more than 10% of annual hard coal production, after a d ...
Saturday, 05 September 20
PAKISTAN'S NEW 27-YEAR POWER PLAN RISKS LOCKING IN LONG-TERM OVERCAPACITY, LEAVING IMPORTED COAL AND LNG PLANTS STRANDED - IEEFA
Wind and solar, the country’s cheapest source of new generation, also overlooked
Pakistan risks locking itself into building m ...
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- Metalloyd Limited - United Kingdom
- Australian Commodity Traders Exchange
- Electricity Authority, New Zealand
- Pipit Mutiara Jaya. PT, Indonesia
- GAC Shipping (India) Pvt Ltd
- Global Coal Blending Company Limited - Australia
- Kapuas Tunggal Persada - Indonesia
- Bhushan Steel Limited - India
- Sindya Power Generating Company Private Ltd
- Mercator Lines Limited - India
- Central Java Power - Indonesia
- Kartika Selabumi Mining - Indonesia
- Karaikal Port Pvt Ltd - India
- Star Paper Mills Limited - India
- Orica Australia Pty. Ltd.
- Ministry of Finance - Indonesia
- Global Green Power PLC Corporation, Philippines
- Romanian Commodities Exchange
- Timah Investasi Mineral - Indoneisa
- Central Electricity Authority - India
- Ambuja Cements Ltd - India
- Borneo Indobara - Indonesia
- GN Power Mariveles Coal Plant, Philippines
- Thai Mozambique Logistica
- Wilmar Investment Holdings
- Energy Development Corp, Philippines
- Maheswari Brothers Coal Limited - India
- San Jose City I Power Corp, Philippines
- Chamber of Mines of South Africa
- Semirara Mining and Power Corporation, Philippines
- Toyota Tsusho Corporation, Japan
- Rashtriya Ispat Nigam Limited - India
- Bangladesh Power Developement Board
- Price Waterhouse Coopers - Russia
- White Energy Company Limited
- Barasentosa Lestari - Indonesia
- Dr Ramakrishna Prasad Power Pvt Ltd - India
- Georgia Ports Authority, United States
- Pendopo Energi Batubara - Indonesia
- Global Business Power Corporation, Philippines
- Siam City Cement PLC, Thailand
- Marubeni Corporation - India
- Tamil Nadu electricity Board
- Larsen & Toubro Limited - India
- Medco Energi Mining Internasional
- Intertek Mineral Services - Indonesia
- Iligan Light & Power Inc, Philippines
- Samtan Co., Ltd - South Korea
- Coal and Oil Company - UAE
- Cigading International Bulk Terminal - Indonesia
- Kideco Jaya Agung - Indonesia
- Karbindo Abesyapradhi - Indoneisa
- India Bulls Power Limited - India
- PowerSource Philippines DevCo
- Kalimantan Lumbung Energi - Indonesia
- MS Steel International - UAE
- ICICI Bank Limited - India
- SMC Global Power, Philippines
- Sarangani Energy Corporation, Philippines
- Gujarat Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Straits Asia Resources Limited - Singapore
- Cement Manufacturers Association - India
- Thiess Contractors Indonesia
- Eastern Coal Council - USA
- Bayan Resources Tbk. - Indonesia
- Uttam Galva Steels Limited - India
- Grasim Industreis Ltd - India
- Indian Oil Corporation Limited
- Jindal Steel & Power Ltd - India
- Indonesian Coal Mining Association
- LBH Netherlands Bv - Netherlands
- Ministry of Mines - Canada
- Alfred C Toepfer International GmbH - Germany
- Singapore Mercantile Exchange
- Formosa Plastics Group - Taiwan
- Bukit Baiduri Energy - Indonesia
- Sinarmas Energy and Mining - Indonesia
- Bulk Trading Sa - Switzerland
- Bank of Tokyo Mitsubishi UFJ Ltd
- Kaltim Prima Coal - Indonesia
- Ceylon Electricity Board - Sri Lanka
- Altura Mining Limited, Indonesia
- Bahari Cakrawala Sebuku - Indonesia
- SN Aboitiz Power Inc, Philippines
- Salva Resources Pvt Ltd - India
- Vizag Seaport Private Limited - India
- PTC India Limited - India
- Independent Power Producers Association of India
- Filglen & Citicon Mining (HK) Ltd - Hong Kong
- Australian Coal Association
- SMG Consultants - Indonesia
- International Coal Ventures Pvt Ltd - India
- Jorong Barutama Greston.PT - Indonesia
- Vijayanagar Sugar Pvt Ltd - India
- IEA Clean Coal Centre - UK
- The State Trading Corporation of India Ltd
- Planning Commission, India
- Simpson Spence & Young - Indonesia
- Energy Link Ltd, New Zealand
- Gujarat Sidhee Cement - India
- Asmin Koalindo Tuhup - Indonesia
- Tata Chemicals Ltd - India
- Indian Energy Exchange, India
- Bhatia International Limited - India
- Sree Jayajothi Cements Limited - India
- South Luzon Thermal Energy Corporation
- Offshore Bulk Terminal Pte Ltd, Singapore
- Ind-Barath Power Infra Limited - India
- Parry Sugars Refinery, India
- Mjunction Services Limited - India
- Asia Pacific Energy Resources Ventures Inc, Philippines
- Essar Steel Hazira Ltd - India
- Economic Council, Georgia
- Miang Besar Coal Terminal - Indonesia
- Bukit Makmur.PT - Indonesia
- TNB Fuel Sdn Bhd - Malaysia
- Antam Resourcindo - Indonesia
- Aditya Birla Group - India
- Meralco Power Generation, Philippines
- Posco Energy - South Korea
- Power Finance Corporation Ltd., India
- Trasteel International SA, Italy
- Siam City Cement - Thailand
- Therma Luzon, Inc, Philippines
- Indogreen Group - Indonesia
- Lanco Infratech Ltd - India
- Kobexindo Tractors - Indoneisa
- Oldendorff Carriers - Singapore
- Directorate Of Revenue Intelligence - India
- GMR Energy Limited - India
- Minerals Council of Australia
- GVK Power & Infra Limited - India
- AsiaOL BioFuels Corp., Philippines
- Globalindo Alam Lestari - Indonesia
- Mercuria Energy - Indonesia
- European Bulk Services B.V. - Netherlands
- Petron Corporation, Philippines
- Manunggal Multi Energi - Indonesia
- PNOC Exploration Corporation - Philippines
- VISA Power Limited - India
- Indika Energy - Indonesia
- Sical Logistics Limited - India
- Deloitte Consulting - India
- CIMB Investment Bank - Malaysia
- Interocean Group of Companies - India
- Dong Bac Coal Mineral Investment Coporation - Vietnam
- Heidelberg Cement - Germany
- TeaM Sual Corporation - Philippines
- Binh Thuan Hamico - Vietnam
- Commonwealth Bank - Australia
- Makarim & Taira - Indonesia
- Gujarat Mineral Development Corp Ltd - India
- Coalindo Energy - Indonesia
- Maharashtra Electricity Regulatory Commission - India
- Standard Chartered Bank - UAE
- Kohat Cement Company Ltd. - Pakistan
- Africa Commodities Group - South Africa
- ASAPP Information Group - India
- Madhucon Powers Ltd - India
- Renaissance Capital - South Africa
- McConnell Dowell - Australia
- Aboitiz Power Corporation - Philippines
- New Zealand Coal & Carbon
- Baramulti Group, Indonesia
- Carbofer General Trading SA - India
- Holcim Trading Pte Ltd - Singapore
- Latin American Coal - Colombia
- Eastern Energy - Thailand
- Sakthi Sugars Limited - India
- Krishnapatnam Port Company Ltd. - India
- Semirara Mining Corp, Philippines
- Billiton Holdings Pty Ltd - Australia
- Xindia Steels Limited - India
- Anglo American - United Kingdom
- Kepco SPC Power Corporation, Philippines
- Directorate General of MIneral and Coal - Indonesia
- IHS Mccloskey Coal Group - USA
- Wood Mackenzie - Singapore
- CNBM International Corporation - China
- Coastal Gujarat Power Limited - India
- The University of Queensland
- Port Waratah Coal Services - Australia
- Sojitz Corporation - Japan
- Bukit Asam (Persero) Tbk - Indonesia
- Mintek Dendrill Indonesia
- Savvy Resources Ltd - HongKong
- Riau Bara Harum - Indonesia
- London Commodity Brokers - England
- Truba Alam Manunggal Engineering.Tbk - Indonesia
- Agrawal Coal Company - India
- Edison Trading Spa - Italy
- Chettinad Cement Corporation Ltd - India
- The Treasury - Australian Government
- Banpu Public Company Limited - Thailand
- Merrill Lynch Commodities Europe
- Bharathi Cement Corporation - India
- Neyveli Lignite Corporation Ltd, - India
- Dalmia Cement Bharat India
- Videocon Industries ltd - India
- Attock Cement Pakistan Limited
- Bhoruka Overseas - Indonesia
- PetroVietnam Power Coal Import and Supply Company
- Jaiprakash Power Ventures ltd
- Petrochimia International Co. Ltd.- Taiwan
- Rio Tinto Coal - Australia
- Goldman Sachs - Singapore
- Parliament of New Zealand
- Vedanta Resources Plc - India
- Leighton Contractors Pty Ltd - Australia
- Ministry of Transport, Egypt
- Orica Mining Services - Indonesia
- OPG Power Generation Pvt Ltd - India
- Electricity Generating Authority of Thailand
- Kumho Petrochemical, South Korea
- Indo Tambangraya Megah - Indonesia
- Malabar Cements Ltd - India
- Meenaskhi Energy Private Limited - India
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